No Arabic abstract
Most modern Information Extraction (IE) systems are implemented as sequential taggers and only model local dependencies. Non-local and non-sequential context is, however, a valuable source of information to improve predictions. In this paper, we introduce GraphIE, a framework that operates over a graph representing a broad set of dependencies between textual units (i.e. words or sentences). The algorithm propagates information between connected nodes through graph convolutions, generating a richer representation that can be exploited to improve word-level predictions. Evaluation on three different tasks --- namely textual, social media and visual information extraction --- shows that GraphIE consistently outperforms the state-of-the-art sequence tagging model by a significant margin.
The recent advancement of pre-trained Transformer models has propelled the development of effective text mining models across various biomedical tasks. However, these models are primarily learned on the textual data and often lack the domain knowledge of the entities to capture the context beyond the sentence. In this study, we introduced a novel framework that enables the model to learn multi-omnics biological information about entities (proteins) with the help of additional multi-modal cues like molecular structure. Towards this, rather developing modality-specific architectures, we devise a generalized and optimized graph based multi-modal learning mechanism that utilizes the GraphBERT model to encode the textual and molecular structure information and exploit the underlying features of various modalities to enable end-to-end learning. We evaluated our proposed method on ProteinProtein Interaction task from the biomedical corpus, where our proposed generalized approach is observed to be benefited by the additional domain-specific modality.
Natural reading orders of words are crucial for information extraction from form-like documents. Despite recent advances in Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) on modeling spatial layout patterns of documents, they have limited ability to capture reading orders of given word-level node representations in a graph. We propose Reading Order Equivariant Positional Encoding (ROPE), a new positional encoding technique designed to apprehend the sequential presentation of words in documents. ROPE generates unique reading order codes for neighboring words relative to the target word given a word-level graph connectivity. We study two fundamental document entity extraction tasks including word labeling and word grouping on the public FUNSD dataset and a large-scale payment dataset. We show that ROPE consistently improves existing GCNs with a margin up to 8.4% F1-score.
We introduce a general framework for several information extraction tasks that share span representations using dynamically constructed span graphs. The graphs are constructed by selecting the most confident entity spans and linking these nodes with confidence-weighted relation types and coreferences. The dynamic span graph allows coreference and relation type confidences to propagate through the graph to iteratively refine the span representations. This is unlike previous multi-task frameworks for information extraction in which the only interaction between tasks is in the shared first-layer LSTM. Our framework significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art on multiple information extraction tasks across multiple datasets reflecting different domains. We further observe that the span enumeration approach is good at detecting nested span entities, with significant F1 score improvement on the ACE dataset.
Information Extraction (IE) refers to automatically extracting structured relation tuples from unstructured texts. Common IE solutions, including Relation Extraction (RE) and open IE systems, can hardly handle cross-sentence tuples, and are severely restricted by limited relation types as well as informal relation specifications (e.g., free-text based relation tuples). In order to overcome these weaknesses, we propose a novel IE framework named QA4IE, which leverages the flexible question answering (QA) approaches to produce high quality relation triples across sentences. Based on the framework, we develop a large IE benchmark with high quality human evaluation. This benchmark contains 293K documents, 2M golden relation triples, and 636 relation types. We compare our system with some IE baselines on our benchmark and the results show that our system achieves great improvements.
Relation extraction is an important task in knowledge acquisition and text understanding. Existing works mainly focus on improving relation extraction by extracting effective features or designing reasonable model structures. However, few works have focused on how to validate and correct the results generated by the existing relation extraction models. We argue that validation is an important and promising direction to further improve the performance of relation extraction. In this paper, we explore the possibility of using question answering as validation. Specifically, we propose a novel question-answering based framework to validate the results from relation extraction models. Our proposed framework can be easily applied to existing relation classifiers without any additional information. We conduct extensive experiments on the popular NYT dataset to evaluate the proposed framework, and observe consistent improvements over five strong baselines.