In this study , a dyeing process of vat dyes was carried out for
cotton fabrics (100%) at an optimal conditions for material's
concentrations (sodium hydrosolphite , oxidization agent
,alkaline agent) to obtained a reference sample using for
comp
arison with another samples which dyeing at difference
concentrations of materials and different oxidization agent and
conditions of works ( work at close condition or open) , and it
was observed the decrease of fastness's values for the tester
samples against dry and wet rubbing opposite of reference
sample and that due to the difference of concentration of
reducing agent and the weakness of bonds between the dye
and textile because of the difference of oxidization conditions.
Print pastes contain thickeners ''thickening agents'' that are often
natural or synthetic polymers. The role of thickeners is
thickening of print paste and making it more viscous to avoid
lateral diffusion and improve finesse of motifs. The aim of
this
paper is to study the effect of type and concentration of
thickeners in print paste (using vat dyes and Two-stage method)
on fastness properties and color yield. Thickeners used usually, in
this method, are sodium alginate, guar gum and starch ether.
Conventional print paste recipe applied in this method give low
fastness to dry and wet rubbing when we print in dark shade. We
used only two thickeners in various concentrations, and then the
fastness to rubbing is evaluated. The viscosity of print pastes is
measured because of its effect on the penetration of the print
paste across the fabric, thus its effect on color yield.
The introduction of VAT raises a number of economic and social effects. Although every economic reflex is related to social one, this study focuses on the social effects of introduction of this tax.
Many of points have been studied. The most importa
nt points are the relation of this tax to the economic surplus and the distribution of the national income, its effects on the governmental and consumptive expenditure, the extent to which this tax will realize the tax and social justice, its relation to poverty, and how it will affect the social classes.
It has been concluded that vat could help in directing the consumption and savings policies by influencing the purchasing power. VAT affects the consumptive expenditure and leads to decrease as a result of prices raise accompanied by its. Its relation to the social justice is related to how the government will do regressive treatment of this tax.
