Smoking tobacco is probably the single most significant source of
toxic chemical exposure to humans, and that affects many human
organs .smoking is a major risk factor for various types of
cancers.The specimenen compassed of two groups of voluntee
rs:
the group included 20 volunteers of smokers, the second
group included14 volunteers of non-smokers as a control group.
Surgical biopsy from oral buccal mucosa were taken and stained
with ( P21,p27 clone) antibody by IHC, and we count the positive
stained cells in two study groups to show if the gene p21,p27 is
affected by cigarette smoking, and investigate the possibility of a
mutation in it .statistical clear differences between the two groups .
the control group is negative while the two groups was positive.
