The impact of the bound's repentance on his fairness and mandate (Comparative Study)

The policy of punishment in the community is no longer sufficient to achieve the interest of offenders' deterring and warding off the corruption. Nowadays, legislation takes care of the offender's situation after the punishment, the method of treating the effects of the previous sanction and the implemented sentence in his eligibility to return as a useful member in his society. The Islamic Law is the law of Justice and Charity so the eternal wound of eligibility and the permanent derogation of rights are not compatible with its rules aimed at the conservation of human's interests and the maintenance of his dignity. We find, in its rules and verdicts, the ways that are capable of achieving the subsequent care for convicts, their rehabilitation and erasing the effects of the sanctions on their eligibility. This research aims at the study of the impact of repentance, applied its pillars and terms, in the treatment of the effects of offence and punishment on the offender's fairness and his eligibility to the general mandates as the eligibility of testimony and judicature. The scholars of jurisprudence (jurists) agree to accept the repentance of who is sentenced and the return of his fairness in all sanctions of bounds, retribution and punitive crimes. The controversy is in the cases of the bounds of defamation and the perjurer and the return of his eligibility and mandate if he repents and the eligibility of the bounded in his bound. These issues have been addressed in this research by this comparative juridical study.

The Colonial Effects on the local character in Architecture & urban design

Through studies of forms and theories of design and trends of some of European designers over the centuries, and those who flashed fixed relationship between Architecture and society in most of their work, in spite of differences in Academic learning for our local Architects, we found that they didn’t look for relationship of the colonial Architecture and the local Identity in history and heritage, but through environment surrounding building, perspective, and location. Thus, they built elegant regular buildings, by using consistent dimensions in typical Module, then they covered it with elements and items, producing the so-called Arabized model. It didn’t make us feel the contemporary technologies which were used with simulating or domination, seeming habitual, without throwing off the identity and the relation with its cultural heritage roots, of most Architects. We felt that we are in continuity between modernity and history. Our Architects, by their cleverness and their skills, succeeded in saving the features of our personalities in their works. Some of them create building that maintain local characteristics known as “The Arabized colonial Architecture “which indicated characters of the Arabic Identity. Hybrid Architecture was born, it was clear in houses which were composed by reinforced concrete, newly arrived with composite language (ottoman –Arabic and Italian) which were developed in Beirut in the mid of the 19th century, which was known as Lebanon House. It was known by three arches in the middle of the façade, repeated in new modeling forms and these houses were done with multiple floors, in spite of these elements were transferred from western Architecture forms such as flitted columns, complex crowns, lot of decoration, but our character seemed clear and the hybrid mixture was successful.