IDDQ testing techniques are used to detect the physical defects
such gate oxide shorts,floating gates and bridging faults, and which
happen for the presence of manufacturing faults during the
manufacturing processes of CMOS integrated circuits, wh
ich
cannot be detected by classical logical testing.
The Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation (Anammox) is a new method
to reduce the concentration of nitrogen in waste water , this reaction oxidizes ammonium to nitrogen gas and results little amount of nitrate by using ammonium as electron donor , and nitrit
e as electron acceptor in anaerobic conditions and in absence of organic carbon.
The inorganic carbon is very necessary to the growth of Anammox
bacteria and to produce new cells , because this bacteria effect
negatively with organic carbon.
This study included 96 meningiomas treated between the years of 1999 and
2003 .
The age of patients was between 18-80 years ,with a mean age of 49.16 years.
Females constituted 65.6% of the patients ,while males constituted 34.4%.
Large percent o
f cases was between 4th to 6th decade of age, ( 56, 2% of all
patients).
Signs of raised intracranial pressure dominated the clinical picture
presenting in 62% of patients, while epilepsy was the only symptom in 15%
of the patients . MRI was performed in 81% of patients. The other
patients were diagnosed by CT scan.
Tumors were hemispheral in 74% of patients. The operating microscope
and ultrasonic aspirator were used in 85% of cases.15% of tumors were
removed using the classical methods,
Total removal was achieved in 90% of cases. Clinical improvement was seen
in 60.45 of cases while deterioration was seen in only 5.2% of cases.
Complications included cerebral edema in five patients, and tumor
recurrence in 5.2% of cases. Tumors were benign in 88%.Mortality was
2%.
