Studying the Effect of Soil Erosion for Eight Different Systems with Different Slopes in the Coastal Area under Forests, Burned Forest and Planted Soil System

The research was performed during the three years from 2011 in the coastal area “Lattakia and Tartous” The study of soil erosion has been traced in eight occasional sites in the coastal area, Gradient in its slope degree from 10% to 45% . the eight sites has also been studied under the three systems “Forests, burned forests , planted soil” The results shows, that the dangerous of the Water erosion in the coastal area soils especially in the slopes that is more than 15%, the drift reached scary figures that ranged between 32.5 ton/Hectares when the slope was 10%, and 165 ton/hectares when the slope was 45% in the agricultural system (Where the surface of the soil is semi-disgrace), These amounts ranged between 9 and 56.5 t / hectares/year in the burned forest system and between 1.4 and 15 t / hectares/year in the forest system. The runoff of rain water may range between 24 and 59.20 in the forest system versus 6.8 and 32.8 in the burned forest systems and, finally, between 2.9 and 16.8 in the forest system.

Impact of Terraces in water and soil conservation Case Study: Terraces of Salata Village – Lattakia

Terracing is one of the oldest means for saving water and soil in Syria. This study aims to evaluate the bench terraces efficiency in water and soil conservation in Salata Village (30 km southeast of Lattakia). For this purpose, runoff and soil erosion were estimated and compared between two treatments in one selected field, the first represent a part of slope without terrace "witness", the second represents terraces "two adjacent plots with terraces" Where three experimental plots, each one of 50 m2 were used for the measurement of surface runoff and sediment concentration. The study showed low values of runoff coefficient on "terraces" treatment compared to the "witness", where its average value during the study period was 7.2% for "terraces", and 27% for the "witness". As it turns out the low rate of soil loss during the same period, from 79 t/ ha/year for the "witness" to 5.2 t/ ha/yeardown the "terraces". The study confirmed the importance of terraces in water and soil conservation by limiting soil erosion and reducing surface runoff.