The objective of this research is to model the dynamic
characteristics of lead-acid batteries taking into account their
fundamental phenomena (the electric double-layer, the charge
transfer and diffusion phenomenon due to oxidation and reduction
reactions). The value of the equivalent circuit elements used in
modeling is determined experimentally using a pulsed discharge of
the battery.
It is known that, the available power from a photovoltaic system is unpredicted and
differs with climatic changes, so it has an intermittent nature, in other words it is unable to
supply the load continuously and steadily. Because of that, storage
methods of its energy
must be studied to use it again in a way that could be predicted. Hydrogen production is
one of these methods by connecting the PV system to water electrolysers, and this stored
hydrogen could be used either in fuel cells or burning it to get thermal energy. This study
focuses on PV system and the available energy taken from it, and the electrolysers and its
requirements and products. Making a mathematical model would be done and plotting the
curves that represent the system by programming it using MATLAB. A simple numeral
example that clears the system would be calculated. By this way, the energy efficiency
would be between 23 to 67 % according to the way the produced hydrogen is used.
With the increase in reliance on solar energy to produce electricity, so many maximum power point
tracking techniques for photovoltaic panels were developed to maximize the produced energy and a lot of
these are well established in the literature.
These techniques vary in many aspects such as: simplicity,
convergence speed, digital or analogical implementation, required sensors, cost, range of effectiveness, as
well as in other aspects.
This paper presents a comparative study of ten widely-adopted mppt algorithms; their performance is
evaluated from energy point of view using the simulation tool (Matlab), considering different solar
irradiance variations. Also, an economic evaluation has been made to make a comparison according to
performance and cost, to determine the optimal choice.
This research aims at studying types of PV Systems and their applications in many practical
fields. It also aims at looking into all the components and technical specifications of the
equipment. That's what serves these systems' design and implemen
tation ways through
designing and performing a 12 [KW] Stand- alone PV System. This system is usually used to
supply one of the Green Buildings lighting at night with a back- up grid to achieve a high
reliability in supplying the load. This project also aims at strengthening national qualifications
in the fields of research, development and operation.
