This research deals with the minimum cost design of reinforced concrete T-beams
according to the Syrian code. The aim is to minimize the total cost of the beam while
respecting all the design requirements. Traditional method depend on a set of supp
ositions,
in the opposite this methodology aim to reach the optimal solution among a set of
constraints with respect the objective function. So that, using this methodology leading to
the minimum cost reinforced section design.
This research is shown that the problem can be formulated in a nonlinear
mathematical programming format.
Several cases are used to explain the applicability of the formulation in accordance
with the current Syrian code. Traditional method of Syrian code has been used to design
sections in this paper, utilizing the nonlinear programming method provided by Lingo14.0
software from LINDO Systems Inc. The comparison of the results shows that important
saving can be obtained at the total cost of a reinforced concrete T-beams design.
Ultra-High-performance concrete (UHPC) attracted attention in the civil engineering
industry in recent times, because it has high resistance and rigidity .
What provided the UHPC of skinny clips justifies using it in high buildings to take
advanta
ge of pressure and tensile its resistance .
The largest use of this material in the bridges because of its high resistance which
suitable for large loads as well as a valid treated outside the center and sustainability of the
high buildings, We study several models of building and we use this material in several
elements of these .
We found after analysis of the high efficiency of this models, especially in Diaframat.
A Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) is a special class of optical fibers which is made of a single material
and having air holes in the cladding. This paper studies and compares the optical characteristics such as
effective area, confinement loss and no
nlinearity, among three different PCF's structures: Hexagonal PCF (HPCF),
Octagonal PCF (O-PCF) and Decagonal PCF (D-PCF) with varied structural parameters (number of
the air-holes rings, the air-hole's diameter, and the lattice constant), and the target is to use the fiber in a
Raman amplifier. Proposed structures are simulated by using COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS which depends on
Finite Element Method (FEM).
The numerically simulated results shows that Decagonal PCF (D-PCF) offers lower confinement loss,
lower effective area, and larger value of nonlinearity than the other two structures. It is seen that Decagonal
PCF(D-PCF) is suitable for long transmission fiber applications.
In this paper, an optical setup to produce harmonic hyper-Rayleigh light
scattering (HRS) from organic molecules in solution has been built up. In
principle, HRS measures contribution coefficients of dipole and octupole parts.
The nonlinear suscep
tibility of the second order of six organic molecules in
solution from different chemical components such as Pyridinium, Quinolinium
groups and organic Borone complexes has been determined. The nonlinear
susceptibility measurements help to discover and select the most efficient
molecules which can be used later as polymer matrices.
