The study deals with the first and second wars of the Balkans (1912-1913) and the
economic, social and political crises that ensued. In fact, the events of these complex and
complex wars have since constituted a major problem for European countries
.
The research also discusses the policy of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans, its political
and military status prior to the declaration of war, the Balkan alliance, the secret files of
March 13 until the end of September 1912, and the peace talks between the two parties to
the London Treaty of May 30, 1913. The former Balkan allies shared the spoils of the First
War, the 1913 peace treaties and the outcome of the war.
The study deals with the question of the privileges of Venice in the Arabic Orient
and the development of these privileges in the Ottoman period, by understanding the
meaning of the privileges and their historical development in the Ottoman Empire
and the
circumstances that accompanied the granting of economic, religious and judicial privileges
to the Venetians, exploited by them to achieve their interests and expand their trade. The
study also deals with the Treaty of 1517 between the Ottomans and the Venetians as an
example of the positive and negative effects on both sides. This treaty is considered the
basis for subsequent treaties between the Ottomans on the one hand and the Venetians and
the European countries on the other.
