Study and Assessment System of Economic Factors Affecting the Spatial Variation of Needs of the Population to Services and Consumption in the Spatial Organization of Urban Centers and Regions Study in the Theoretical and Methodological Basis

The study assesses the impact of economic factors in the geography of services in terms of need, consumption and spatial organization are topics and trends in a study in this new world. These economic factors form a stand-alone system that belongs to the larger system that includes all the factors in the geography of services. System of these economic factors is composed of the five factors that constitute the elements of this system as follows : 1 - the geographical economic location. 2 - transport routes, and means . 3 - Capital . 4 - SOA (substructure of service) . 5 - economic resources and aspects of economic activity in urban centers and regions. Economic factors interact with each other within the system, and in at the same time they interact with the system of human factors and the system of natural factors for shaping the service sectors of the place by showing the spatial variation in the needs of the population to services and they use them, and its spatial organization of place in urban centers and regions. Economic factors are different in the strength of their impact in this variation and spatial organization of the services sector of the population, depending on different areas or trends in the study in of the geography of services, and the first trend studies the needs of the population is services. The quality of these to services, and the second trend studies consumption of the population to these services, and the third trend studies the spatial organization of the services sector of the population. A system of economic factors forms inputs which interact together, and at the same time interact with the system of natural factors and human factors, to give outputs that show the nature of services for the population and the characteristics of its distribution and development in place .

The New Trends of Turkish Foreign Policy

The study addressed the most important phases of Turkish foreign policy since the establishment of the modern Turkish republic in 1923. And the principles govering it. Then it focused on the new trends of foreign policy after the Jastice and development Islamic rooted party came to power in Turkey 2002. Especially the strategic depth, reset problems or zero problems with neighbors and new ottomanism. The study concluded that the basic tenets which guided turkey's foreign policy since the founding of the republic included caution and pragmatism.

الأسس النظرية لدراسة و تحديد طرق العمل في الشركات الصناعية

أجبرت المنافسة المتزايدة في الأسواق العالمية الشركات الصناعية على السعي لتطـوير طرق العمل المتبعة، و ذلك من أجل تحقيق الاقتصادية المنشودة مـن العمليـة الإنتاجيـة و تحسين مستوى جودة المنتج. أيضاً أثر تعدد الشركات المنتجة للمنتج نفسه في تسـريع وتيرة تطوير طرق العمل، و ذلك من أجل البقاء في الأسواق و البقاء ضمن دائرة المنافسة. تعد الدراسات التحليلية طرق العمل من أهم المواضيع المطروحة على الصـعيد البحثـي العملي في الشركات الصناعية، و ذلك سعياً للوصول إلى الجودة المثالية للمنتجات (أعلـى درجة إقبال على الشراء مع أقل تكاليف ممكنة) . لذلك تم استعراض المفاهيم المختلفـة لطرق العمل مع استعراض طرق و وسائل تطوير طرق العمل، مع توضيح الأسباب التي تستدعي اتخاذ الإجراءات اللازمة للبدء في تطوير طريقة العمل المتبعة. إن السعي وراء تطوير العمل سببه الـتأثيرات الاقتصادية الإيجابية الناتجة عن تخفيض التكاليف و ازدياد الطاقات الإنتاجية و تخفيض زمن العملية الإنتاجية و تقليل عدد العمال .