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As wind energy continues to expand, increased interaction between wind farms and their surroundings can be expected. Using natural snowfall to visualize the air flow in the wake of a utility-scale wind turbine at unprecedented spatio-temporal resolution, we observe intermittent periods of strong interaction between the wake and the ground surface and quantify the momentum flux during these periods. Significantly, we identify two turbine operational-dependent pathways that lead to these periods of increased wake-ground interaction. Data from a nearby meteorological tower provides further insights into the strength and persistence of the enhanced flux for each pathway under different atmospheric conditions. These pathways allow us to resolve discrepancies between previous conflicting studies on the impact of wind turbines on surface fluxes. Furthermore, we use our results to generate a map of the potential impact of wind farms on surface momentum flux throughout the Continental United States, providing a valuable resource for wind farm siting decisions. These findings have implications for agriculture in particular, as crop growth is significantly affected by surface fluxes.
This paper provides a review of the general experimental methodology of snow-powered flow visualization and super-large-scale particle imaging velocimetry (SLPIV), the corresponding field deployments and major scientific findings from our work on a 2
Several theories for weakly damped free-surface flows have been formulated. In this paper we use the linear approximation to the Navier-Stokes equations to derive a new set of equations for potential flow which include dissipation due to viscosity. A
Understanding wind turbine wake mixing and recovery is critical for improving the power generation and structural stability of downwind turbines in a wind farm. In the field, where incoming flow and turbine operation are constantly changing, wake rec
Super-large-scale particle image velocimetry (SLPIV) using natural snowfall is used to investigate the influence of nacelle and tower generated flow structures on the near-wake of a 2.5 MW wind turbine at the EOLOS field station. The analysis is base
Conventionally neutral atmospheric boundary layers (CNBLs), which are characterized with zero surface potential temperature flux and capped by an inversion of potential temperature, are frequently encountered in nature. Therefore, predicting the wind