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We compare two non-relativistic (NR) reduction schemes (heavy-fermion and Foldy-Wouthuysen) that are used to derive low-energy effective-field-theory Lagrangians. We give the explicit transformation between the two types of fields to O(1/m^2), derived from a quite general, relativistic Lagrangian. Beyond leading order the NR reductions always involve the smaller components of the Dirac spinors that are to be integrated out to formulate the NR theory. Even so, the transformation between the NR Lagrangians can be carried out explicitly to O(1/m^2) using a field renormalization, as long as the lower components of the Lagrangian are known. The fixed coefficient corrections to some low-energy constants at O(1/m^2) will depend on the particular scheme chosen, but will match after the field renormalization.
Nonsymmorphic symmetry can induce exotic wallpaper fermions, e.g., hourglass fermion, fourfold-degenerate Dirac fermion, and Mobius fermion, as commonly believed only in nonsymmorphic wallpaper groups. Here, we extend the notion of wallpaper fermions
We calculate the second order viscous correction to the kinetic distribution, $delta f_{(2)}$, and use this result in a hydrodynamic simulation of heavy ion collisions to determine the complete second order correction to the harmonic spectrum, $v_n$.
Following the idea of nucleon clustering and light-nuclei production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions close to the QCD critical-end point, we address the quantum effects affecting the interaction of several nucleons at finite temperature. For thi
The Linear Boltzmann Transport (LBT) model coupled to hydrodynamical background is extended to include transport of both light partons and heavy quarks through the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. The LBT model includes b
We show that the single, non-photonic electron nuclear modification factor $R_{AA}^e$ is affected by the thermal enhancement of the heavy-baryon to heavy-meson ratio in relativistic heavy-ion collisions with respect to proton-proton collisions. We ma