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We present a mean-field model that describes droplet growth due to condensation and collisions and droplet loss due to fallout. The model allows for an effective numerical simulation. We study how the rain initiation time depends on different parameters. We also present a simple model that allows one to estimate the rain initiation time for turbulent clouds with an inhomogeneous concentration of cloud condensation nuclei. In particular, we show that over-seeding even a part of a cloud by small hygroscopic nuclei one can substantially delay the onset of precipitation.
We present two sets of grid-based hydrodynamical simulations of high-velocity clouds (HVCs) traveling through the diffuse, hot Galactic halo. These HI clouds have been suggested to provide fuel for ongoing star formation in the Galactic disk. The fir
We employ the framework of the Koopman operator and dynamic mode decomposition to devise a computationally cheap and easily implementable method to detect transient dynamics and regime changes in time series. We argue that typically transient dynamic
The representation of clouds and associated processes of rain and snow formation remains one of the major uncertainties in climate and weather prediction models. In a companion paper (Part I), we systematically derived a two moment bulk cloud microph
We propose a mathematical methodology to derive a stochastic parameterization of bulk warm cloud micro-physics properties. Unlike previous bulk parameterizations, the stochastic parameterization does not assume any particular droplet size distributio
We present results from moist convection in a mixture of pressurized sulfur hexa-flouride (liquid and vapor) and helium (gas) to model the wet and dry components of the earths atmosphere. To allow for homogeneous nucleation, we operate the experiment