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Resonant x-ray reflectivity measurements from the surface of liquid Bi22In78 find only a modest surface Bi enhancement, with 35 atomic % Bi in the first atomic layer. This is in contrast to the Gibbs adsorption in all liquid alloys studied to date, which show surface segregation of a complete monolayer of the low surface tension component. This suggests that surface adsorption in Bi-In is dominated by attractive interactions that increase the number of Bi-In neighbors at the surface. These are the first measurements in which resonant x-ray scattering has been used to quantify compositional changes induced at a liquid alloy surface.
X-ray reflectivity measurements of the binary liquid Ga-Bi alloy reveal a dramatically different surface structure above and below the monotectic temperature $T_{mono}=222^{circ}$ C. A Gibbs-adsorbed Bi monolayer resides at the surface at both regi
We present x-ray reflectivity measurements from the free surface of a liquid gallium-bismuth alloy (Ga-Bi) in the temperature range close to the bulk monotectic temperature $T_{mono} = 222$C. Our measurements indicate a continuous formation of a thic
We present x-ray reflectivity and diffuse scattering measurements from the liquid surface of pure potassium. They strongly suggest the existence of atomic layering at the free surface of a pure liquid metal with low surface tension. Prior to this stu
We present a general computational scheme based on molecular dynamics (m.d.) simulation for calculating the chemical potential of adsorbed molecules in thermal equilibrium on the surface of a material. The scheme is based on the calculation of the me
We construct a mean-field formulation of the thermodynamics of ion solvation in immiscible polar binary mixtures. Assuming an equilibrium planar interface separating two semi-infinite regions of different constant dielectric medium, we study the elec