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We present results from seven cosmological simulations that have been extended beyond the present era as far as redshift $z=-0.995$ or $tapprox96,{rm Gyr}$, using the Enzo simulation code. We adopt the calibrated star formation and feedback prescriptions from our previous work on reproducing the Milky Way with Enzo with modifications to the simulation code, chemistry and cooling library. We then consider the future behaviour of the halo mass function (HMF), the equation of state (EOS) of the IGM, and the cosmic star formation history (SFH). Consistent with previous work, we find a freeze-out in the HMF at $zapprox-0.6$. The evolution of the EOS of the IGM presents an interesting case study of the cosmological coincidence problem, where there is a sharp decline in the IGM temperature immediately after $z=0$. For the SFH, the simulations produce a peak and a subsequent decline into the future. However, we do find a turnaround in the SFH after $zapprox-0.98$ in some simulations, probably due to the limitations of the criteria used for star formation. By integrating the SFH in time up to $z=-0.92$, the simulation with the best spatial resolution predicts an asymptotic total stellar mass that is very close to that obtained from extrapolating the fit of the observed SFR. Lastly, we investigate the future evolution of the partition of baryons within a Milky Way-sized galaxy, using both a zoom and a box simulation. Despite vastly different resolutions, these simulations predict individual haloes containing an equal fraction of baryons in stars and gas at the time of freeze-out ($tapprox30,{rm Gyr}$).
We investigate the distribution of metals in the cosmological volume at $zsim3$, in particular, provided by massive population III (Pop III) stars using a cosmological $N$-body simulation in which a model of Pop III star formation is implemented. Owi
The redshift-dependent fraction of color-selected galaxies revealing Lyman alpha emission has become the most valuable constraint on the evolving neutrality of the early intergalactic medium. However, in addition to resonant scattering by neutral gas
The part played by stars in the ionization of the intergalactic medium remains an open question. A key issue is the proportion of the stellar ionizing radiation that escapes the galaxies in which it is produced. Spectroscopy of gamma-ray burst afterg
We report new measurements of the intergalactic medium (IGM) Ly$alpha$ and Ly$beta$ effective optical depth at $5.3<z<6.5$, using a new sample of quasar sightlines including 32 quasars at $6.308le zle7.00$. These quasars provide a large statistical s
Over the past decade, Lyman-alpha and metal line absorption observations have established the ubiquity of a gas-rich circumgalactic medium (CGM) around star-forming galaxies at z~0.2 potentially tracing half of the missing baryonic mass within galaxy