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Knowledge of time-variant functionality of real-world physical, social, and engineered networks is critical to the understanding of the resilience of networks facing external perturbations. The majority of existing studies, however, focus only on the topological properties of networks for resilience assessment, which does not fully capture their dynamical resilience. In this study, we evaluate and quantify network resilience based both on the functionality states of links and on topology. We propose three independent measures---the failure scaling index (FSI), the weighted degree scaling index (WDSI), and the link functionality irregularity index (LFII)---that capture macroscopic, microscopic, and temporal performance characteristics of networks. Accordingly, an integrated general resilience (GR) metric is used to assess performance loss and recovery speed in networks with time-variant functionality. We test the proposed methods in the study of traffic networks under urban flooding impacts in the context of Harris County, Texas, during Hurricane Harvey using a high-resolution dataset, which contains temporal speed of 20,000 roads every 5 minutes for 5 months. Our results show that link weights and node weighted degrees with perturbed functionality in the traffic network during flooding follow a scale-free distribution. Hence, three proposed measures capture clear resilience curves of the network as well as identify the irregularity of links. Accordingly, network performance measures and the methodology for resilience quantification reveal insights into the extent of network performance loss and recovery speed, suggesting possible improvements in network resilience in the face of external perturbations such as urban flooding.
Detecting and characterizing community structure plays a crucial role in the study of networked systems. However, there is still a lack of understanding of how community structure affects the systems resilience and stability. Here, we develop a frame
Epidemic propagation on complex networks has been widely investigated, mostly with invariant parameters. However, the process of epidemic propagation is not always constant. Epidemics can be affected by various perturbations, and may bounce back to i
Various social, financial, biological and technological systems can be modeled by interdependent networks. It has been assumed that in order to remain functional, nodes in one network must receive the support from nodes belonging to different network
We study rare events in networks with both internal and external noise, and develop a general formalism for analyzing rare events that combines pair-quenched techniques and large-deviation theory. The probability distribution, shape, and time scale o
Link failures in supply networks can have catastrophic consequences that can lead to a complete collapse of the network. Strategies to prevent failure spreading are thus heavily sought after. Here, we make use of a spanning tree formulation of link f