This paper presents the new generalized Seikkala derivatives (gS- derivatives) of fuzzy-valued functions. The solution of fuzzy wave equation is proposed and analyzed using gS-derivatives whose crisp solution is expressed in terms of Fourier series.
In this paper we prove that Neutrosophic Set (NS) is an extension of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set (IFS) no matter if the sum of single-valued neutrosophic components is < 1, or > 1, or = 1. For the case when the sum of components is 1 (as in IFS), after
applying the neutrosophic aggregation operators one gets a different result from that of applying the intuitionistic fuzzy operators, since the intuitionistic fuzzy operators ignore the indeterminacy, while the neutrosophic aggregation operators take into consideration the indeterminacy at the same level as truth-membership and falsehood-nonmembership are taken. NS is also more flexible and effective because it handles, besides independent components, also partially independent and partially dependent components, while IFS cannot deal with these. Since there are many types of indeterminacies in our world, we can construct different approaches to various neutrosophic concepts. Also, Regret Theory, Grey System Theory, and Three-Ways Decision are particular cases of Neutrosophication and of Neutrosophic Probability. We extended for the first time the Three-Ways Decision to n-Ways Decision, and the Spherical Fuzzy Set to n-HyperSpherical Fuzzy Set and to n-HyperSpherical Neutrosophic Set.
Taylor series is a useful mathematical tool when describing and constructing a function. With the series representation, some properties of fractional calculus can be revealed clearly. This paper investigates two typical applications: Lebiniz rule an
d Laplace transform. It is analytically shown that the commonly used Leibniz rule cannot be applied for Caputo derivative. Similarly, the well-known Laplace transform of Riemann-Liouville derivative is doubtful for n-th continuously differentiable function. By the aid of this series representation, the exact formula of Caputo Leibniz rule and the explanation of Riemann-Liouville Laplace transform are presented. Finally, three illustrative examples are revisited to confirm the obtained results.
(Draft 3) A generalized differential operator on the real line is defined by means of a limiting process. These generalized derivatives include, as a special case, the classical derivative and current studies of fractional differential operators. All
such operators satisfy properties such as the sum, product/quotient rules, chain rule, etc. We study a Sturm-Liouville eigenvalue problem with generalized derivatives and show that the general case is actually a consequence of standard Sturm-Liouville Theory. As an application of the developments herein we find the general solution of a generalized harmonic oscillator. We also consider the classical problem of a planar motion under a central force and show that the general solution of this problem is still generically an ellipse, and that this result is true independently of the choice of the generalized derivatives being used modulo a time shift. The previous result on the generic nature of phase plane orbits is extended to the classical gravitational n-body problem of Newton to show that the global nature of these orbits is independent of the choice of the generalized derivatives being used in defining the force law (modulo a time shift). Finally, restricting the generalized derivatives to a special class of fractional derivatives, we consider the question of motion under gravity with and without resistance and arrive at a new notion of time that depends on the fractional parameter. The results herein are meant to clarify and extend many known results in the literature and intended to show the limitations and use of generalized derivatives and corresponding fractional derivatives.
The concept of gyrogroups is a generalization of groups which do not explicitly have associativity. In this paper, the notion of fuzzy gyronorms on gyrogroups is introduced. The relations of fuzzy metrics (in the sense of George and Veeramani), fuzzy
gyronorms and gyronorms on gyrogroups are studied. Also, the fuzzy metric structures on fuzzy normed gyrogroups are discussed. In the last, the fuzzy metric completion of a gyrogroup with an invariant metric are studied. We mainly show that let $d$ be an invariant metric on a gyrogroup $G$ and $(widehat{G},widehat{d})$ is the metric completion of the metric space $(G,d)$; then for any continuous $t$-norm $ast$, the standard fuzzy metric space $(widehat{G},M_{widehat{d}},ast)$ of $(widehat{G},widehat{d})$ is the (up to isometry) unique fuzzy metric completion of the standard fuzzy metric space $(G,M_d,ast)$ of $(G,d)$; furthermore, $(widehat{G},M_{widehat{d}},ast)$ is a fuzzy metric gyrogroup containing $(G,M_d,ast)$ as a dense fuzzy metric subgyrogroup and $M_{widehat{d}}$ is invariant on $widehat{G}$. Applying this result, we obtain that every gyrogroup $G$ with an invariant metric $d$ admits an (up to isometric) unique complete metric space $(widehat{G},widehat{d})$ of $(G,d)$ such that $widehat{G}$ with the topology introduced by $widehat{d}$ is a topology gyrogroup containing $G$ as a dense subgyrogroup and $widehat{d}$ is invariant on $widehat{G}$.
A well-established approach to reasoning about loops during program analysis is to capture the effect of a loop by extracting recurrences from the loop; these express relationships between the values of variables, or program properties such as cost,
on successive loop iterations. Recurrence solvers are capable of computing closed forms for some recurrences, thus deriving precise relationships capturing the complete loop execution. However, many recurrences extracted from loops cannot be solved, due to their having multiple recursive cases or multiple arguments. In the literature, several techniques for approximating the solution of unsolvable recurrences have been proposed. The approach presented in this paper is to define transformations based on regular path expressions and loop counters that (i) transform multi-path loops to single-path loops, giving rise to recurrences with a single recursive case, and (ii) transform multi-argument recurrences to single-argument recurrences, thus enabling the use of recurrence solvers on the transformed recurrences. Using this approach, precise solutions can sometimes be obtained that are not obtained by approximation methods.
U. M. Pirzada
,Raju K. George
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(2019)
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"Generalized Seikkala Derivatives and their application for solving Fuzzy Wave Equation"
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Umme Salma M. Pirzada
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