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The dependences between the parameters of the Lightning discharge in the leader phase and the return stroke phase are obtained. It is shown that the peak values of the electric field created by lightning are determined by the parameters of the streamer zone of the leader at the final jump phase. It is shown that a large peak value and the steepness of the lightning return stroke current are generated in the final jump phase.
Behavior of the potential and electric field intensity at the front of a lightning leader channel taking into account the influence of space charges injected by the streamers is investigated theoretically. Analytical solutions of Poisson equation are
It is well known that in the presence of strong external electromagnetic fields many processes forbidden in standard QED become possible. One example is the one-photon annihilation process considered recently by the present authors in the framework o
We have extended our study of the competition between the drive and stabilization of plasma microinstabilities by sheared flow to include electromagnetic effects at low plasma $beta$ (the ratio of plasma to magnetic pressure). The extended system of
We use the Low Frequency ARray (LOFAR) to probe the dynamics of the stepping process of negatively-charged plasma channels (negative leaders) in a lightning discharge. We observe that at each step of a leader, multiple pulses of VHF (30~--~80 MHz) ra
QED cascades in a strong electromagnetic field of optical range and arbitrary configuration are considered. A general expression for short-time dependence of the key electron quantum dynamical parameter is derived, allowing to generalize the effectiv