اشترك بالحزمة الذهبية واحصل على وصول غير محدود شمرا أكاديميا
تسجيل مستخدم جديدObservational Properties of Simulated Galaxies in Overdense and Average Regions at High Redshifts z= 6-12
153
0
0.0
(
0
)
تأليف
Hidenobu Yajima
اسأل ChatGPT حول البحث
ﻻ يوجد ملخص باللغة العربية
We use high-resolution zoom-in cosmological simulations of galaxies of Romano-Diaz et al., post-processing them with a panchromatic three-dimensional radiation transfer code to obtain the galaxy UV luminosity function (LF) at z ~ 6-12. The galaxies are followed in a rare, heavily overdense region within a ~ 5-sigma density peak, which can host high-z quasars, and in an average density region, down to the stellar mass of M_star ~ 4* 10^7 Msun. We find that the overdense regions evolve at a substantially accelerated pace --- the most massive galaxy has grown to M_star ~ 8.4*10^10 Msun by z = 6.3, contains dust of M_dust~ 4.1*10^8 Msun, and is associated with a very high star formation rate, SFR ~ 745 Msun/yr.The attained SFR-M_star correlation results in the specific SFR slowly increasing with M_star. Most of the UV radiation in massive galaxies is absorbed by the dust, its escape fraction f_esc is low, increasing slowly with time. Galaxies in the average region have less dust, and agree with the observed UV LF. The LF of the overdense region is substantially higher, and contains much brighter galaxies. The massive galaxies are bright in the infrared (IR) due to the dust thermal emission, with L_IR~ 3.7*10^12 Lsun at z = 6.3, while L_IR < 10^11 Lsun for the low-mass galaxies. Therefore, ALMA can probe massive galaxies in the overdense region up to z ~ 10 with a reasonable integration time. The UV spectral properties of disky galaxies depend significantly upon the viewing angle.The stellar and dust masses of the most massive galaxy in the overdense region are comparable to those of the sub-millimetre galaxy (SMG) found by Riechers et al. at z = 6.3, while the modelled SFR and the sub-millimetre flux fall slightly below the observed one. Statistical significance of these similarities and differences will only become clear with the upcoming ALMA observations.
قيم البحث
اقرأ أيضاً
We perform Monte-Carlo radiative transfer calculations to model the Lyman alpha properties of galaxies in high-resolution, zoom-in cosmological simulations at z ~ 6.6. The simulations include both constrained and unconstrained runs, representing resp
ectively a highly overdense region and an average field. Different galactic wind models are used in the simulations in order to investigate the effects of these winds on the apparent Ly alpha properties of galaxies. We find that, for models including galactic winds, the Ly alpha properties of massive galaxies residing in the overdense region match well recent observations of luminous Ly alpha emitters (LAEs) at z ~ 6-7, in terms of apparent Ly alpha luminosity, Ly alpha line width and Ly alpha equivalent width distributions. Without winds, the same galaxies appear less Ly alpha bright as a result of both differences in the line profile emerging from galaxies themselves, and, in the distributions of neutral gas in the circumgalactic (CGM) and intergalactic medium (IGM). We also study the relations between apparent Ly alpha luminosity and various galaxy properties: stellar mass, star formation rate (SFR) and host halo mass. At fixed halo mass, the apparent Ly alpha luminosity of galaxies appears to depend on the large-scale environment while this is no longer true for galaxies at a given stellar mass or SFR. We provide simple linear fits to these relations that can be used for quickly constructing mock LAE samples from N-body simulations. Our results suggest that the observed luminous LAEs at z ~ 6.6 are hosted by ~10^{12} h^{-1} Mo, dark matter haloes, residing in large, overdense ionized regions.
We have explored prevailing modes of galaxy growth for redshifts z ~ 6-14, comparing substantially overdense and normal regions of the universe, using high-resolution zoom-in cosmological simulations. Such rare overdense regions have been projected t
o host high-z quasars. We demonstrate that galaxies in such environments grow predominantly by a smooth accretion from cosmological filaments which dominates the mass input from major, intermediate and minor mergers. We find that by z ~6, the accumulated galaxy mass fraction from mergers falls short by a factor of 10 of the cumulative accretion mass for galaxies in the overdense regions, and by a factor of 5 in the normal environments. Moreover, the rate of the stellar mass input from mergers also lies below that of an in-situ star formation (SF) rate. The fraction of stellar masses in galaxies contributed by mergers in overdense regions is ~12%, and ~33% in the normal regions, at these redshifts. Our median SF rates for ~few X 10^9 Mo galaxies agrees well with the recently estimated rates for z ~ 7 galaxies from Spitzers SURF-UP survey. Finally, we find that the main difference between the normal and overdense regions lies in the amplified growth of massive galaxies in massive dark matter halos. This leads to the formation of >= 10^{10} Mo galaxies due to the ~100-fold increase in mass during the above time period. Such galaxies are basically absent in the normal regions at these redshifts.
Photometric observations of the spectroscopically confirmed $zapprox 9.1$ galaxy MACS1149-JD1 have indicated the presence of a prominent Balmer break in its spectral energy distribution, which may be interpreted as due to very large fluctuations in i
ts past star formation activity. In this paper, we investigate to what extent contemporary simulations of high-redshift galaxies produce star formation rate variations sufficiently large to reproduce the observed Balmer break of MACS1149-JD1. We find that several independent galaxy simulations are unable to account for Balmer breaks of the inferred size, suggesting that MACS1149-JD1 either must be a very rare type of object or that our simulations are missing some key ingredient. We present predictions of spectroscopic Balmer break strength distributions for $zapprox 7-9$ galaxies that may be tested through observations with the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope and also discuss the impact that various assumptions on dust reddening, Lyman continuum leakage and deviations from a standard stellar initial mass function would have on the results.
We present new information on galaxies in the vicinity of luminous radio galaxies and quasars at z=4,5,6. These fields were previously found to contain overdensities of Lyman Break Galaxies (LBGs) or spectroscopic Lyman alpha emitters. We use HST and
Spitzer data to infer stellar masses, and contrast our results with large samples of LBGs in more average environments as probed by the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS). The following results were obtained. First, LBGs in both overdense regions and in the field at z=4-5 lie on a very similar sequence in a z-[3.6] versus [3.6] color-magnitude diagram. This is interpreted as a sequence in stellar mass (log[M*/Msun] = 9-11) in which galaxies become increasingly red due to dust and age as their star formation rate (SFR) increases. Second, the two radio galaxies are among the most massive objects (log[M*/Msun]~11) known to exist at z~4-5, and are extremely rare based on the low number density of such objects as estimated from the ~25x larger area GOODS survey. We suggest that the presence of these massive galaxies and supermassive black holes has been boosted through rapid accretion of gas or merging inside overdense regions. Third, the total stellar mass found in the z=4 ``proto-cluster TN1338 accounts for <30% of the stellar mass on the cluster red sequence expected to have formed at z>4, based on a comparison with the massive X-ray cluster Cl1252 at z=1.2. Although future near-infrared observations should determine whether any massive galaxies are currently being missed, one possible explanation for this mass difference is that TN1338 evolves into a smaller cluster than Cl1252. This raises the interesting question of whether the most massive protocluster regions at z>4 remain yet to be discovered.
We present the cross-correlation between 151 luminous quasars ($M_{ mathrm{UV}} < -26$) and 179 protocluster candidates at $z sim 3.8$, extracted from the Wide imaging survey ($ sim 121~ $deg$^2$) performed with a part of the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru
Strategic Program (HSC-SSP). We find that only two out of 151 quasars reside in regions that are more overdense compared to the average field at $ > 4 sigma $. The distributions of the distance between quasars and the nearest protoclusters and the significance of the overdensity at the position of quasars are statistically identical to those found for $g$-dropout galaxies, suggesting that quasars tend to reside in almost the same environment as star-forming galaxies at this redshift. Using stacking analysis, we find that the average density of $g$-dropout galaxies around quasars is slightly higher than that around $g$-dropout galaxies on $1.0 - 2.5$ pMpc scales, while at $ < 0.5$ pMpc that around quasars tends to be lower. We also find that quasars with higher UV-luminosity or with more massive black holes tend to avoid the most overdense regions, and that the quasar near zone sizes are anti-correlated with overdensity. These findings are consistent with a scenario in which the luminous quasar at $z sim4 $ resides in structures that are less massive than those expected for the progenitors of todays rich clusters of galaxies, and possibly that luminous quasars may be suppressing star formation in their close vicinity.
سجل دخول لتتمكن من نشر تعليقات
التعليقات
جاري جلب التعليقات
سجل دخول لتتمكن من متابعة معايير البحث التي قمت باختيارها
