ﻻ يوجد ملخص باللغة العربية
Compact solid discharge products enable energy storage devices with high gravimetric and volumetric energy densities, but solid deposits on active surfaces can disturb charge transport and induce mechanical stress. In this Letter we develop a nanoscale continuum model for the growth of Li2O2 crystals in lithium-oxygen batteries with organic electrolytes, based on a theory of electrochemical non-equilibrium thermodynamics originally applied to Li-ion batteries. As in the case of lithium insertion in phase-separating LiFePO4 nanoparticles, the theory predicts a transition from complex to uniform morphologies of Li2O2 with increasing current. Discrete particle growth at low discharge rates becomes suppressed at high rates, resulting in a film of electronically insulating Li2O2 that limits cell performance. We predict that the transition between these surface growth modes occurs at current densities close to the exchange current density of the cathode reaction, consistent with experimental observations.
The parasitic reactions associated with reduced oxygen species and the difficulty in achieving the high theoretical capacity have been major issues plaguing development of practical non-aqueous Li-O2 batteries. We hereby address the above issues by e
Controlling nanostructure from molecular, crystal lattice to the electrode level remains as arts in practice, where nucleation and growth of the crystals still require more fundamental understanding and precise control to shape the microstructure of
Non-aqueous Li-O2 batteries are promising for next generation energy storage. New battery chemistries based on LiOH, rather than Li2O2, have recently been reported in systems with added water, one using a soluble additive LiI and the other using soli
Methanol occupies a central role in chemical synthesis and is considered an ideal candidate for cleaner fuel storage and transportation. It can be catalyzed from water and volatile organic compounds such as carbon dioxide, thereby offering an attract
The burgeoning interest in 2D black phosphorus (bP) contributes to expand its applications in countless fields. In the present study, 2D bP is used as a support for homogeneously dispersed palladium nanoparticles directly grown on it by a wet chemica