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We present a series of experiments investigating the growth of ice crystals from water vapor in the presence of a background gas. We measured growth dynamics at temperatures ranging from -2 C to -25 C, at supersaturations between 0.5 and 30 percent, and with background gases of nitrogen, argon, and air at a pressure of one bar. We compared our data with numerical models of diffusion-limited growth based on cellular automata to extract surface growth parameters at different temperatures and supersaturations. These data represent a first step toward obtaining precision ice growth measurements as a function of temperature, supersaturation, background gas pressure and gas constituents. From these investigations we hope to better understand the surface molecular dynamics that determine crystal growth rates and growth morphologies.
We present the design of a general-purpose convection chamber that produces a stable environment for studying the growth of ice crystals from water vapor in the presence of a background gas. Crystals grow in free fall inside the chamber, where the te
I examine the molecular dynamics of ice growth from water vapor, focusing on how the attachment kinetics can be augmented by edge-dependent surface diffusion. Although there are significant uncertainties in developing an accurate physical model of th
I examine a variety of snow crystal growth measurements taken at a temperature of -5 C, as a function of supersaturation, background gas pressure, and crystal morphology. Both plate-like and columnar prismatic forms are observed under different condi
I examine a variety snow crystal growth experiments performed at temperatures near -2 C, as a function of supersaturation, background gas pressure, and crystal morphology. Although the different experimental data were obtained using quite diverse exp
I describe a new approach to the classification of snow crystal morphologies that focuses on the most common growth behaviors that appear in normal air under conditions of constant applied temperature and water-vapor supersaturation. The resulting mo