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تسجيل مستخدم جديدThe Design and Performance of the ZEUS Central Tracking Detector z-by-Timing System
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D.S. Bailey
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The ZEUS Central Tracking Detector utilizes a time difference measurement to provide a fast determination of the z-coordinate of each hit. The z-by-timing measurement is achieved by using a Time-to-Amplitude Converter which has an intrinsic timing resolution of 36 ps, has pipelined readout, and has a multihit capability of 48 ns. In order to maintain the required sub-nanosecond timing accuracy, the technique incorporates an automated self-calibration system. The readout of the z-by-timing data utilizes a fully customized timing control system which runs synchronously with the HERA beam-crossing clock, and a data acquisition system implemented on a network of Transputers. Three dimensional space-points provided by the z-by-timing system are used as input to all three levels of the ZEUS trigger and for offline track reconstruction. The average z-resolution is determined to be 4.4 cm for multi-track events from positron-proton collisions in the ZEUS detector.
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The National Ignition Facility (NIF) will contain the worlds most powerful laser. NIF requires more than 1500 precisely timed trigger pulses to control the timing of laser and diagnostic equipment. The Integrated Timing System applies new concepts to
generate and deliver triggers at preprogrammed times to equipment throughout the laser and target areas of the facility. Trigger pulses during the last 2 seconds of a shot cycle are required to have a jitter of less than 20 ps (rms) and a wander of less than 100 ps (max). Also, the Timing System allows simultaneous, independent use by multiple clients by partitioning the system hardware into subsets that are controlled via independent software keys. The hardware necessary to implement the Integrated Timing System is commercially available. -- This work is performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract No. W-7405-Eng-48.
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