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تسجيل مستخدم جديد$delta$-PVDF Based Flexible Nanogenerator
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Delta ($delta$) phase comprising polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanoparticles are fabricated through electrospray technique by applying 0.1 MV/m electric field at ambient temperature and pressure, which is 10$^{3}$ times lower than the typical value, required for $delta$-phase transformation. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns are clearly indicating the $delta$-phase formation. The piezo- and ferro- electric response of the $delta$-PVDF nanoparticles has been demonstrated through scanning probe microscopic technique based on piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM). The vertical piezoelectric response, indicated by d$_{33}$ coefficient, is found $sim$-11 pm/V. Kink propagation model is adopted to justify the $delta$-phase conversion in electrospray system. The electrical response from $delta$-PVDF nanoparticle comprised nanogenerator under the external impacts and acoustic signal indicates that molecular ferroelectric dipoles responsible for piezoelectric responses, are poled in-situ during nanoparticle formation, thus further electrical poling is not necessary.
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