ﻻ يوجد ملخص باللغة العربية
Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) reduces the risk of male HIV acquisition by 60%. Programmes to provide male circumcision (MC) to prevent HIV infection have been introduced in sub-Saharan African countries with high HIV burden. While large-scale provision of MMC is recent, traditional MC has long been conducted as part of male coming-of-age practices. How and at what age traditional MC occurs varies by ethnic groups within countries. Accurate estimates of MC coverage by age and type of circumcision (traditional or medical) over time at sub-national levels are essential for planning and delivering VMMCs to meet targets and evaluating their impacts on HIV incidence. In this paper, we developed a Bayesian competing risks time-to-event model to produce region-age-time-type specific probabilities and coverage of MC with probabilistic uncertainty. The model jointly synthesises data from household surveys and health system data on the number of VMMCs conducted. We demonstrated the model using data from five household surveys and VMMC programme data to produce estimates of MC coverage for 52 districts in South Africa between 2008 and 2019. Nationally in 2008, 24.1% (CI: 23.4-24.8%) of men aged 15-49 were traditionally circumcised and 19.4% (CI: 18.9-20.0%) were medically circumcised. Between 2008 and 2019, five million VMMCs were conducted, and MC coverage among men aged 15-49 increased to 64.0% (CI: 63.2-64.9%) and medical MC coverage to 42% (CI: 41.3-43.0%). MC coverage varied widely across districts, ranging from 13.4-86.3%. The average age of traditional MC ranged between 13 to 19 years, depending on local cultural practices.
Modelling disease progression of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) following oral iron supplement prescriptions is a prerequisite for evaluating the cost-effectiveness of oral iron supplements. Electronic health records (EHRs) from the Clinical Practice
In order to implement disease-specific interventions in young age groups, policy makers in low- and middle-income countries require timely and accurate estimates of age- and cause-specific child mortality. High quality data is not available in settin
Early detection of changes in the frequency of events is an important task, in, for example, disease surveillance, monitoring of high-quality processes, reliability monitoring and public health. In this article, we focus on detecting changes in multi
In 2017 an estimated 3 billion people used polluting fuels and technologies as their primary cooking solution, with 3.8 million deaths annually attributed to household exposure to the resulting fine particulate matter air pollution. Currently, health
Preventing periodontal diseases (PD) and maintaining the structure and function of teeth are important goals for personal oral care. To understand the heterogeneity in patients with diverse PD patterns, we develop BAREB, a Bayesian repulsive bicluste