ﻻ يوجد ملخص باللغة العربية
Electro-optic modulators from non-linear $chi^{(2)}$ materials are essential for sensing, metrology and telecommunications because they link the optical domain with the microwave domain. At present, most geometries are suited for fiber applications. In contrast, architectures that modulate directly free-space light at gigahertz (GHz) speeds have remained very challenging, despite their dire need for active free-space optics, in diffractive computing or for optoelectronic feedback to free-space emitters. They are typically bulky or suffer from much reduced interaction lengths. Here, we employ an ultrathin array of sub-wavelength Mie resonators that support quasi bound states in the continuum (BIC) as a key mechanism to demonstrate electro-optic modulation of free-space light with high efficiency at GHz speeds. Our geometry relies on hybrid silicon-organic nanostructures that feature low loss ($Q = $ 550 at $lambda_{res} = 1594$ nm) while being integrated with GHz-compatible coplanar waveguides. We maximize the electro-optic effect by using high-performance electro-optic molecules (whose electro-optic tensor we engineer in-device to exploit $r_{33} = 100$ pm/V) and by nanoscale optimization of the optical modes. We demonstrate both DC tuning and high speed modulation up to 5~GHz ($f_{EO,-3 dB} =3$ GHz) and shift the resonant frequency of the quasi-BIC by $Deltalambda_{res}=$11 nm, surpassing its linewidth. We contrast the properties of quasi-BIC modulators by studying also guided mode resonances that we tune by $Deltalambda_{res}=$20 nm. Our approach showcases the potential for ultrathin GHz-speed free-space electro-optic modulators.
Modern communication networks require high performance and scalable electro-optic modulators that convert electrical signals to optical signals at high speed. Existing lithium niobate modulators have excellent performance but are bulky and prohibitiv
High speed optical telecommunication is enabled by wavelength division multiplexing, whereby hundreds of individually stabilized lasers encode the information within a single mode optical fiber. In the seek for larger bandwidth the optical power sent
Dielectric optical nanoantennas play an important role in color displays, metasurface holograms, and wavefront shaping applications. They usually exploit Mie resonances as supported on nanostructures with high refractive index, such as Si and TiO2. H
In this work we describe different types of photonic structures that allow tunability of the photonic band gap upon the application of external stimuli, as the electric or magnetic field. We review and compare two porous 1D photonic crystals: in the
Many technologies in quantum photonics require cryogenic conditions to operate. However, the underlying platform behind active components such as switches, modulators and phase shifters must be compatible with these operating conditions. To address t