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The measurement of the silicon lattice parameter by a separate-crystal triple-Laue x-ray interferometer is a key step for the kilogram realisation by counting atoms. Since the measurement accuracy is approaching nine significant digits, a reliable model of the interferometer operation is demanded to quantify or exclude systematic errors. This paper investigates both analytically and experimentally the effect of defocus (a difference between the splitter-to-mirror distance on the one hand and the analyser-to-mirror one on the other) on the phase of the interference fringes and the measurement of the lattice parameter.
The impact of photodetector nonlinearity on dual-comb spectrometers is described and compared to that of Michelson-based Fourier transform spectrometers (FTS). The optical sampling occurring in the dual-comb approach, being the key difference with FT
Thick diffractive optical elements offer a promising way to achieve focusing or imaging at a resolution approaching 1 nm for X-ray wavelengths shorter than about 0.1 nm. Efficient focusing requires that these are fabricated with structures that vary
We present a novel, highly versatile, and self-referenced arrival time monitor for measuring the femtosecond time delay between a hard X-ray pulse from a free-electron laser and an optical laser pulse, measured directly on the same sample used for pu
The ever-increasing brightness of synchrotron radiation sources demands improved x-ray optics to utilise their capability for imaging and probing biological cells, nano-devices, and functional matter on the nanometre scale with chemical sensitivity.
A new principle of subwavelength imaging based on frequency scanning is considered. It is shown that it is possible to reconstruct the spatial profile of an external field exciting an array (or coupled arrays) of subwavelength-sized resonant particle