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Modeling collisionless magnetic reconnection rate is an outstanding challenge in basic plasma physics research. While the seemingly universal rate of an order $mathcal{O}(0.1)$ is often reported in the low-$beta$ regime, it is not clear how reconnection rate scales with a higher plasma $beta$. Due to the complexity of the pressure tensor, the available reconnection rate model is limited to the low plasma-$beta$ regime, where the thermal pressure is arguably negligible. However, the thermal pressure effect becomes important when $beta gtrsim mathcal{O}(1)$. Using first-principle kinetic simulations, we show that both the reconnection rate and outflow speed drop as $beta$ gets larger. A simple analytical framework is derived to take account of the self-generated pressure anisotropy and pressure gradient in the force-balance around the diffusion region, explaining the varying trend of key quantities and reconnection rates in these simulations with different $beta$. The predicted scaling of the normalized reconnection rate is $simeq mathcal{O}(0.1/sqrt{beta_{i0}})$ in the high $beta$ limit, where $beta_{i0}$ is the ion $beta$ of the inflow plasma.
A prediction of the steady-state reconnection electric field in asymmetric reconnection is obtained by maximizing the reconnection rate as a function of the opening angle made by the upstream magnetic field on the weak magnetic field (magnetosheath)
During magnetically dominated relativistic reconnection, inflowing plasma depletes the initial relativistic pressure at the x-line and collisionless plasma heating inside the diffusion region is insufficient to overcome this loss. The resulting press
A model of global magnetic reconnection rate in relativistic collisionless plasmas is developed and validated by the fully kinetic simulation. Through considering the force balance at the upstream and downstream of the diffusion region, we show that
Works of D. Tsiklauri, T. Haruki, Phys. of Plasmas, 15, 102902 (2008) and D. Tsiklauri and T. Haruki, Phys. of Plasmas, 14, 112905, (2007) are extended by inclusion of the out-of-plane magnetic (guide) field. In particular, magnetic reconnection duri
Particle dynamics in the electron current layer in collisionless magnetic reconnection is investigated by using a particle-in-cell simulation. Electron motion and velocity distribution functions are studied by tracking self-consistent trajectories. N