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Verifying specifications for large-scale modern engineering systems can be a time-consuming task, as most formal verification methods are limited to systems of modest size. Recently, contract-based design and verification has been proposed as a modular framework for specifications, and linear-programming-based techniques have been presented for verifying that a given system satisfies a given contract. In this paper, we extend this assume/guarantee framework by presenting necessary and sufficient conditions for a collection of contracts on individual components to refine a contract on the composed system. These conditions can be verified by solving linear programs, whose number grows linearly with the number of specifications defined by the contracts. We exemplify the tools developed using a case study considering safety in a car-following scenario, where noise and time-varying delay are considered.
Motivated by the growing requirements on the operation of complex engineering systems, we present contracts as specifications for continuous-time linear dynamical systems with inputs and outputs. A contract is defined as a pair of assumptions and gua
In this paper, we present a probabilistic adaptation of an Assume/Guarantee contract formalism. For the sake of generality, we assume that the extended state machines used in the contracts and implementations define sets of runs on a given set of var
We formulate the optimal energy arbitrage problem for a piecewise linear cost function for energy storage devices using linear programming (LP). The LP formulation is based on the equivalent minimization of the epigraph. This formulation considers ra
Assuring the correct behavior of cyber-physical systems requires significant modeling effort, particularly during early stages of the engineering and design process when a system is not yet available for testing or verification of proper behavior. A
The problem of integrating multiple overlapping models and data is pervasive in engineering, though often implicit. We consider this issue of model management in the context of the electrical power grid as it transitions towards a modern Smart Grid.