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There are now many adversarial attacks for natural language processing systems. Of these, a vast majority achieve success by modifying individual document tokens, which we call here a textit{token-modification} attack. Each token-modification attack is defined by a specific combination of fundamental textit{components}, such as a constraint on the adversary or a particular search algorithm. Motivated by this observation, we survey existing token-modification attacks and extract the components of each. We use an attack-independent framework to structure our survey which results in an effective categorisation of the field and an easy comparison of components. We hope this survey will guide new researchers to this field and spark further research into the individual attack components.
Recent work has demonstrated the vulnerability of modern text classifiers to universal adversarial attacks, which are input-agnostic sequences of words added to text processed by classifiers. Despite being successful, the word sequences produced in s
Recently, the emergence of pre-trained models (PTMs) has brought natural language processing (NLP) to a new era. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive review of PTMs for NLP. We first briefly introduce language representation learning and its re
As the use of deep learning techniques has grown across various fields over the past decade, complaints about the opaqueness of the black-box models have increased, resulting in an increased focus on transparency in deep learning models. This work in
Deep learning has become the dominant approach in coping with various tasks in Natural LanguageProcessing (NLP). Although text inputs are typically represented as a sequence of tokens, there isa rich variety of NLP problems that can be best expressed
Federated Learning aims to learn machine learning models from multiple decentralized edge devices (e.g. mobiles) or servers without sacrificing local data privacy. Recent Natural Language Processing techniques rely on deep learning and large pre-trai