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We propose novel chemical reaction networks to translate levels of concentration into unique DNA strand species, which we call concentration translators. Our design of the concentration translators is based on combination of two chemical reaction networks, consensus network and conversion network with any number of chemical species. We give geometric analysis of the proposed CRNs from the viewpoint of nonlinear dynamical systems and show that the CRNs can actually operate as translator. Our concentration translators exploit DNA strand displacement (DSD) reaction, which is known for a universal reaction that can implement arbitrary chemical reaction networks. We demonstrate two specific types of concentration translators (translator A and B) with different switching behavior and biochemical cost and compared their characteristics computationally. The proposed concentration translators have an advantage of being able to readout the concentration of targeted nucleic acid strand without any fluorescence-based techniques. These characteristics can be tailored according to requirements from applications, including dynamic range, sensitivity and implementation cost.
We perform a spatially resolved simulation study of an AND gate based on DNA strand displacement using several lengths of the toehold and the adjacent domains. DNA strands are modelled using a coarse-grained dynamic bonding model {[}C. Svaneborg, Com
Single molecule force spectroscopy of DNA strands adsorbed at surfaces is a powerful technique used in air or liquid environments to quantify their mechanical properties. Although the force responses are limited to unfolding events so far, single bas
Cytosine methylation has been found to play a crucial role in various biological processes, including a number of human diseases. The detection of this small modification remains challenging. In this work, we computationally explore the possibility o
In 2009, Jonoska, Seeman and Wu showed that every graph admits a route for a DNA reporter strand, that is, a closed walk covering every edge either once or twice, in opposite directions if twice, and passing through each vertex in a particular way. T
We prove that the signature bound for the topological 4-genus of 3-strand torus knots is sharp, using McCoys twisting method. We also show that the bound is off by at most 1 for 4-strand and 6-strand torus knots, and improve the upper bound on the as