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Belle II is a new-generation B-factory experiment, dedicated to exploring new physics beyond the standard model of elementary particles in the flavor sector. Belle~II started data-taking in April 2018, using a synchronous data acquisition (DAQ) system based on pipelined trigger flow control. The Belle II DAQ system is designed to handle a 30-kHz trigger rate with approximately 1% of dead time, under the assumption of a raw event size of 1 MB. The DAQ system is reliable, and the overall data-taking efficiency reached 84.2% during the run period of January 2020 to June 2020. The current readout system cannot be operated in the term of 10 years from the viewpoint of DAQ maintainability; meanwhile, the readout system is obstructing high-speed data transmission. A solution involving a PCI-express-based readout module with high data throughput of up to 100 Gb/s was adopted to upgrade the Belle II DAQ system. We particularly focused on the design of firmware and software based on this new generation of readout board, called PCIe40, with an Altera Arria 10 field-programmable gate array chip. Forty-eight GBT (GigaBit Transceiver) serial links, PCI-express hard IP-based DMA architecture, interface of timing and trigger distribution system, and slow control system were designed to integrate with the current Belle II DAQ system. This paper describes the performances accomplished during the data readout and slow control tests conducted using a test bench and a demonstration performed using on-site front-end electronics, specifically involving Belle II TOP and KLM sub-detectors.
XPAD3 is a large surface X-ray photon counting imager with high count rates, large counter dynamics and very fast data readout. Data are readout in parallel by a PCI Express interface using DMA transfer. The readout frame rate of the complete detecto
This paper presents a readout system designed for testing the prototype of Small-Strip Thin Gap Chamber (sTGC), which is one of the main detector technologies used for ATLAS New-Small-Wheel Upgrade. This readout system aims at testing one full-size sTGC quadruplet with cosmic muon triggers.
Submersible Buoy (SB) is an important apparatus capable of long-term, fixed-point, continuous and multi-directional measurement of acoustic signals and hydrological environment monitoring in the harsh marine environment, providing important informati
To cope with the enhanced luminosity at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in 2021, the ATLAS collaboration is planning a major detector upgrade. As a part of this, the Level 1 trigger based on calorimeter data will be upgraded to exploit the fine granu
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