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تسجيل مستخدم جديدPractical Solutions for 400 Gbit/s Data Center Transmission
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We review three solutions for low-cost data center interconnects with a target reach of up to 80 km. Directly detected DMT, PAM-4 and multi-band CAP are promising modulation schemes, enabling 400 Gbit/s by combining eight channels of 56 Gbit/s.
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We review some currently discussed solutions for 400 Gbit/s inter-data center WDM transmission for up to 100 km. We focus on direct detected solutions, namely PAM4 and DMT, and present two WDM systems based on these formats.
Discrete multi-tone transmission (DMT) is a promising candidate for future 400G data center interconnects. Eight channels, each carrying 56 Gb/s of data can be combined in a 50-GHz channel grid to form a 400 Gb/s superchannel. For a fully loaded 96 c
hannel DWDM system this leads to a total capacity of 4.8 Tb/s. To meet the requirements of the targeted application in terms of cost efficiency and low power consumption, it is important to keep the complexity for the digital signal processing as low as possible. For DMT, the complexity is mainly determined by the length of the fast Fourier transformation (FFT). Since data center interconnects only have to bridge a distance of typically 80 km, we here investigate among other parameters the influence of the FFT length among other parameters on the achievable performance for 56 Gb/s DMT only for this distance. Transmission is performed in C-band to enable DWDM and no optical dispersion compensation is applied. We consider double sideband (DSB) as well as vestigial sideband (VSB) DMT. It can be seen that an FFT length of 128 is sufficient to reach the required performance in terms of bit error ratio, however, a higher length can significantly improve the performance.
We demonstrate up to 12 km, 56 Gb/s DMT transmission using high-speed VCSELs in the 1.5 um wavelength range for future 400Gb/s intra-data center connects, enabled by vestigial sideband filtering of the transmit signal.
In this paper, we propose adaptive channel-matched detection (ACMD) for C-band 64-Gbit/s intensity-modulation and direct-detection (IM/DD) optical on-off keying (OOK) system over a 100-km dispersion-uncompensated link. The proposed ACMD can adaptivel
y compensate most of the link distortions based on channel and noise characteristics, which includes a polynomial nonlinear equalizer (PNLE), a decision feedback equalizer (DFE) and maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE). Based on the channel characteristics, PNLE eliminates the linear and nonlinear distortions, while the followed DFE compensates the spectral nulls caused by chromatic dispersion. Finally, based on the noise characteristics, a post filter can whiten the noise for implementing optimal signal detection using MLSE. To the best of our knowledge, we present a record C-band 64-Gbit/s IM/DD optical OOK system over a 100 km dispersion-uncompensated link achieving 7% hard-decision forward error correction limit using only the proposed ACMD at the receiver side. In conclusion, ACMD-based C-band 64-Gbit/s optical OOK system shows great potential for future optical interconnects.
To date, no electro-optic platform enables devices with high bandwidth, small footprint, and low power consumption, while also enabling mass production. Here we demonstrate high-yield fabrication of high-speed graphene electro-absorption modulators u
sing CVD-grown graphene. We minimize variation in device performance from graphene inhomogeneity over large area by engineering graphene-mode overlap and device capacitance to ensure high extinction ratio. We fabricate an 8 mm x 1 mm chip with 32 graphene electro-absorption modulators and measure 94% yield with bit error rate below the hard-decision forward error correction limit at 7 Gbits/s, amounting to a total aggregated data rate of 210 Gbits/s. Monte Carlo simulations show that data rates > 0.6 Tbits/s are within reach by further optimizing device cross-section, paving the way for graphene-based ultra-high data rate applications.
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