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We give a new and constructive proof of the existence of global-in-time weak solutions of the 3-dimensional incompressible semi-geostrophic equations (SG) in geostrophic coordinates, for arbitrary initial measures with compact support. This new proof, based on semi-discrete optimal transport techniques, works by characterising discrete solutions of SG in geostrophic coordinates in terms of trajectories satisfying an ordinary differential equation. It is advantageous in its simplicity and its explicit relation to Eulerian coordinates through the use of Laguerre tessellations. Using our method, we obtain improved time-regularity for a large class of discrete initial measures, and we compute explicitly two discrete solutions. The method naturally gives rise to an efficient numerical method, which we illustrate by presenting simulations of a 2-dimensional semi-geostrophic flow in geostrophic coordinates generated using a numerical solver for the semi-discrete optimal transport problem coupled with an ordinary differential equation solver.
The semi-geostrophic system is widely used in the modelling of large-scale atmospheric flows. In this paper, we prove existence of solutions of the incompressible semi-geostrophic equations in a fully three-dimensional domain with a free upper bounda
The semi-geostrophic equations are used widely in the modelling of large-scale atmospheric flows. In this note, we prove the global existence of weak solutions of the incompressible semi-geostrophic equations, in geostrophic coordinates, in a three-d
We introduce a new technique, which we call the boundary method, for solving semi-discrete optimal transport problems with a wide range of cost functions. The boundary method reduces the effective dimension of the problem, thus improving complexity.
We propose two deep neural network-based methods for solving semi-martingale optimal transport problems. The first method is based on a relaxation/penalization of the terminal constraint, and is solved using deep neural networks. The second method is
Discretization is a fundamental step in numerical analysis for the problems described by differential equations, and the difference between the continuous model and discrete model is one of the most important problems. In this paper, we consider the