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The mixing process of multiple jets of liquefied petroleum gas and air in a diffusion flame is numerically analysed. The case study considers a four-port array burner where the fuel is injected by four peripheral nozzles and mixed with the surrounding air. Simulations are conducted with the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes technique, and the turbulence effect is modelled with the realizable k-e model. In addition, the eddy dissipation model is implemented to calculate the effect of the turbulent chemical reaction rate. Results show that the essential mixture mechanism occurs within a flame cone derived from the fuel jets interaction. However, the mixing process is driven by jets drag allowing an air/fuel smooth mixture to reach the flammability limits at two zones: one at a lower location or close to the burner surface and a second before the flame front development. The entire mixing mechanism culminates with the development of the flame necking cone. Any air concentration that falls into the cone radius will be entrained, contributing to the overall flame structure. Since the cone radius reach is limited only by radial distance of the jet array and the nozzles distance, the flame heights, consequently, depend solely on fuel mass flow.
This paper presents a flame-height correlation for laminar to transition-to-turbulent regime diffusion flames. Flame-height measurements are obtained by means of numerical and experimental studies in which three high definition cameras were employed
This paper presents an experimental methodology to measure the height of the flame using convolution image processing and statistical analysis. The experimental setup employs a burner with four circularly arranged nozzles. Six different volumetric fu
The present article investigates the interactions between the pilot and main flames in a novel stratified swirl burner using both experimental and numerical methods. Experiments are conducted in a test rig operating at atmospheric conditions. The sys
In this visualisation, the transition from laminar to turbulent flow is characterised by the intermittent ejection of wall fluid into the outer stream. The normalised thickness of the viscous flow layer reaches an asymptotic value but the physical th
This study concerns wavepackets in laminar turbulent transition in a Blasius boundary layer. While initial amplitude and frequency have well-recognized roles in the transition process, the current study on the combined effects of amplitude, frequency