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تسجيل مستخدم جديدIntersubjectivity of outcomes of quantum measurements
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تأليف
Masanao Ozawa
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Every measurement determines a single value as its outcome, and yet quantum mechanics predicts it only probabilistically. The Kochen-Specker theorem and Bells inequality, enforced by the recent loophole-free experimental tests, reject a realist view that any observable has its own value at any time consistent with the statistical predictions of quantum mechanics, and favor a skeptical view that measuring an observable does not mean ascertaining the value that it has, but producing the outcome, having only a personal meaning. However, precise analysis supporting this view is unknown. Here, we show that a quantum mechanical analysis turns down this view. Suppose that two observers simultaneously measure the same observable. We ask whether they always obtain the same outcomes, or their probability distributions are the same but the outcomes are uncorrelated. Contrary to the widespread view in favor of the second, we shall show that quantum mechanics predicts that only the first case occurs. This suggests the existence of a correlation between the measurement outcome and the pre-existing value of the measured observable as a common cause for the coincidence of the outcomes. In fact, we shall show that any measurement establishes a time-like entanglement between the observable to be measured and the meter after the measurement, which causes the space-like entanglement between the meters of different observers. We also argue that our conclusion cannot be extended to measurements of so-called generalized observables, suggesting a demand for more careful analysis on the notion of observables in foundations of quantum mechanics.
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