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We address the well-posedness of the Cauchy problem corresponding to the relativistic fluid equations, when coupled with the heat-flux constitutive relation arising within the relativistic Chapman-Enskog procedure. The resulting system of equations is shown to be non hyperbolic, by considering general perturbations over the whole set of equations written with respect to a generic time direction. The obtained eigenvalues are not purely imaginary and their real part grows without bound as the wave-number increases. Unlike Eckarts theory, this instability is not present when the time direction is aligned with the fluids direction. However, since in general the fluid velocity is not surface-forming, the instability can only be avoided in the particular case where no rotation is present.
The Chapman-Enskog method of solution of the relativistic Boltzmann equation is generalized in order to admit a time-derivative term associated to a thermodynamic force in its first order solution. Both existence and uniqueness of such a solution are
Extended theories are widely used in the literature to describe relativistic fluids. The motivation for this is mostly due to the causality issues allegedly present in the first order in the gradients theories. However, the decay of fluctuations in t
It is shown that the so-called generic instabilities that appear in the framework of relativistic linear irreversible thermodynamics, describing the fluctuations of a simple fluid close to equilibrium, arise due to the coupling of heat with hydrodyna
We study the polarizations of gravitational waves (GWs) in two classes of extended gravity theories. First, we formulate the polarizations in linear massive gravity (MG) with generic mass terms of non-Fierz-Pauli type by identifying all the independe
We define an attractive gravity probe surface (AGPS) as a compact 2-surface $S_alpha$ with positive mean curvature $k$ satisfying $r^a D_a k / k^2 ge alpha$ (for a constant $alpha>-1/2$) in the local inverse mean curvature flow, where $r^a D_a k$ is