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We present a detailed description of the special procedures for calibration and quality assurance of Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations in Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) mode. These procedures are required to turn the phased ALMA array into a fully calibrated VLBI station. As an illustration of these methodologies, we present full-polarization observations carried out with ALMA as a phased array at 3mm (Band 3) and 1.3mm (Band 6) as part of Cycle-4. These are the first VLBI science observations conducted with ALMA and were obtained during a 2017 VLBI campaign in concert with other telescopes worldwide as part of the Global mm-VLBI Array (GMVA, April 1-3) and the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT, April 5-11) in ALMA Bands 3 and 6, respectively.
In radio astronomy, holography is a commonly used technique to create an image of the electric field distribution in the aperture of a dish antenna. The image is used to detect imperfections in the reflector surface. Similarly, holography can be appl
We test the accuracy of ALMA flux density calibration by comparing ALMA flux density measurements of extragalactic sources to measurements made by the Planck mission; Planck is absolutely calibrated to sub-percent precision using the dipole signal in
The Atacama Large millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) obtains spatial resolutions of 15 to 5 milli-arcsecond (mas) at 275-950GHz (0.87-0.32mm) with 16km baselines. Calibration at higher-frequencies is challenging as ALMA sensitivity and quasar dens
A major goal of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) is to make accurate images with resolutions of tens of milliarcseconds, which at submillimeter (submm) wavelengths requires baselines up to ~15 km. To develop and test this capab
In 2017, an Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) high-frequency long baseline campaign was organized to test image capabilities with baselines up to 16 km at submillimeter (submm) wavelengths. We investigated image qualities using ALMA