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High-resolution optical microscopy suffers from a low contrast in scattering media where a multiply scattered wave obscures a ballistic wave used for image formation. To extend the imaging depth, various gating operations - confocal, coherence, and polarization gating - have been devised to filter out the multiply scattered wave. However, these gating methods are imperfect as they all act on the detection plane located outside a scattering medium. Here, we present a new gating scheme, called space gating, that rejects the multiply scattered wave directly at the object plane inside a scattering medium. Specifically, we introduced a 30 $mu$m-wide acoustic focus to the object plane and reconstructed a coherent image only with the ballistic wave modulated by acousto-optic interaction. This method allows us to reject the multiply scattered wave that the existing gating methods cannot filter out and improves the ratio of the ballistic wave to the multiply scattered wave by more than 100 times for a scattering medium more than 20 times thicker than its scattering mean free path. Using the coherent imaging technique based on space gating, we demonstrate the unprecedented imaging capability - phase imaging of optically transparent biological cells fully embedded within a scattering medium - with a spatial resolution of 1.5 $mu$m.
Label-free imaging approaches seek to simplify and augment histopathologic assessment by replacing the current practice of staining by dyes to visualize tissue morphology with quantitative optical measurements. Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) operat
We present a technically simple implementation of quantitative phase imaging in confocal microscopy based on synthetic optical holography with sinusoidal-phase reference waves. Using a Mirau interference objective and low-amplitude vertical sample vi
We propose a new method to image fluorescent objects through turbid media base on Airy beam scanning. This is achieved by using the non-diffractive nature of Airy beams, namely their ability to maintain their shape while penetrating through a highly
Nature features a plethora of extraordinary photonic architectures that have been optimized through natural evolution. While numerical optimization is increasingly and successfully used in photonics, it has yet to replicate any of these complex natur
Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) has gained enormous popularity over the years for its capacity to provide high resolution images from deep within scattering samples1. However, MPM is generally based on single-point laser-focus scanning, which is intrins