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Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) can be used to detect and study gravitational waves in the nanohertz band (i.e., wavelengths of order light-years). This requires high-precision, decades-long data sets from sensitive, instrumentally stable telescopes. NANOGrav and its collaborators in the International Pulsar Timing Array consortium are on the verge of the first detection of the stochastic background produced by supermassive binary black holes, which form via the mergers of massive galaxies. By providing Northern hemisphere sky coverage with exquisite sensitivity and higher frequency coverage compared to the SKA, a Next-Generation Very Large Array (ngVLA) will be a fundamental component in the next phase of nanohertz GW astrophysics, enabling detailed characterization of the stochastic background and the detection of individual sources contributing to the background, as well as detections of (or stringent constraints on) cosmic strings and other exotica. Here we summarize the scientific goals of PTAs and the technical requirements for the ngVLA to play a significant role in the characterization of the nanohertz gravitational wave universe.
Next generation radio telescopes, namely the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST) and the Square Kilometer Array (SKA), will revolutionize the pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) based gravitational wave (GW) searches. We review some of the
We have begun an exciting era for gravitational wave detection, as several world-leading experiments are breaching the threshold of anticipated signal strengths. Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are pan-Galactic gravitational wave detectors that are alrea
We derive scaling laws for the signal-to-noise ratio of the optimal cross-correlation statistic, and show that the large power-law increase of the signal-to-noise ratio as a function of the the observation time $T$ that is usually assumed holds only
The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) can advance scientific frontiers beyond its groundbreaking 10-year survey. Here we explore opportunities for extended operations with proposal-based observing strategies, new filters, or transformed instrume
The MeerKAT telescope represents an outstanding opportunity for radio pulsar timing science with its unique combination of a large collecting area and aperture efficiency (effective area $sim$7500 m$^2$), system temperature ($T<20$K), high slew speed