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Monads can be interpreted as encoding formal expressions, or formal operations in the sense of universal algebra. We give a construction which formalizes the idea of evaluating an expression partially: for example, 2+3 can be obtained as a partial evaluation of 2+2+1. This construction can be given for any monad, and it is linked to the famous bar construction, of which it gives an operational interpretation: the bar construction induces a simplicial set, and its 1-cells are partial evaluations. We study the properties of partial evaluations for general monads. We prove that whenever the monad is weakly cartesian, partial evaluations can be composed via the usual Kan filler property of simplicial sets, of which we give an interpretation in terms of substitution of terms. In terms of rewritings, partial evaluations give an abstract reduction system which is reflexive, confluent, and transitive whenever the monad is weakly cartesian. For the case of probability monads, partial evaluations correspond to what probabilists call conditional expectation of random variables. This manuscript is part of a work in progress on a general rewriting interpretation of the bar construction.
We provide new categorical perspectives on Jacobs notion of hypernormalisation of sub-probability distributions. In particular, we show that a suitable general framework for notions of hypernormalisation is that of a symmetric monoidal category endow
The algebraic expression $3 + 2 + 6$ can be evaluated to $11$, but it can also be partially evaluated to $5 + 6$. In categorical algebra, such partial evaluations can be defined in terms of the $1$-skeleton of the bar construction for algebras of a m
We describe an abstract 2-categorical setting to study various notions of polynomial and analytic functors and monads.
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This paper is a contribution to the search for efficient and high-level mathematical tools to specify and reason about (abstract) programming languages or calculi. Generalising the reduction monads of Ahrens et al., we introduce transition monads, th