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Linking numbers appear in local quantum field theory in the presence of tensor fields, which are closed two-forms on Minkowski space. Given any pair of such fields, it is shown that the commutator of the corresponding intrinsic (gauge invariant) vector potentials, integrated about spacelike separated, spatial loops, are elements of the center of the algebra of all local fields. Moreover, these commutators are proportional to the linking numbers of the underlying loops. If the commutators are different from zero, the underlying two-forms are not exact (there do not exist local vector potentials for them). The theory then necessarily contains massless particles. A prominent example of this kind, due to J.E. Roberts, is given by the free electromagnetic field and its Hodge dual. Further examples with more complex mass spectrum are presented in this article.
The Riemann hypothesis states that all nontrivial zeros of the zeta function lie in the critical line $Re(s)=1/2$. Hilbert and Polya suggested that one possible way to prove the Riemann hypothesis is to interpret the nontrivial zeros in the light of
Lecture notes for the course Batalin-Vilkovisky formalism and applications in topological quantum field theory given at the University of Notre Dame in the Fall 2016 for a mathematical audience. In these lectures we give a slow introduction to the pe
We derive new all-purpose methods that involve the Dirac Delta distribution. Some of the new methods use derivatives in the argument of the Dirac Delta. We highlight potential avenues for applications to quantum field theory and we also exhibit a con
The GNS representation construction is considered in a general case of topological involutive algebras of quantum systems, including quantum fields, and inequivalent state spaces of these systems are characterized. We aim to show that, from the physi
We provide a rigorous lattice approximation of conformal field theories given in terms of lattice fermions in 1+1-dimensions, focussing on free fermion models and Wess-Zumino-Witten models. To this end, we utilize a recently introduced operator-algeb