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We present the development, manufacturing and performance of spherically bent crystal analyzers (SBCAs) of 100 mm diameter and 0.5 m bending radius. The elastic strain in the crystal wafer is partially released by a strip-bent method where the crystal wafer is cut in strips prior to the bending and the anodic bonding process. Compared to standard 1 m SBCAs, a gain in intensity is obtained without loss of energy resolution. The gain ranges between 2.5 and 4.5, depending on the experimental conditions and the width of the emission line measured. This reduces the acquisition times required to perform high energy-resolution x-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy on ultra-dilute species, accessing concentrations of the element of interest down to, or below, the ppm (ng/mg) level.
We demonstrate that vacuum forming of 10-cm diameter silicon wafers of various crystallographic orientations under an x-ray permeable, flexible window can easily generate spherically bent crystal analyzers (SBCA) and toroidally bent crystal analyzers
We are preparing for an ultra-high resolution x-ray spectroscopy of kaonic atoms using an x-ray spectrometer based on an array of superconducting transition-edge-sensor microcalorimeters developed by NIST. The instrument has excellent energy resoluti
We describe the design and show first results of a large solid angle X-ray emission spectrometer that is optimized for energies between 1.5 keV and 5.5 keV. The spectrometer is based on an array of 11 cylindrically bent Johansson crystal analyzers ar
The resolution function of a spectrometer based on a strongly bent single crystal (bending radius of 10 cm or less) is evaluated. It is shown that the resolution is controlled by two parameters, (i) the ratio of the lattice spacing of the chosen refl
We propose the development of X-ray interferometry (XRI), to reveal the universe at high energies with ultra-high spatial resolution. With baselines which can be accommodated on a single spacecraft, XRI can reach 100 $mu$as resolution at 10 AA (1.2 k