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In this paper, we introduce the fundamental notion of a Markov basis, which is one of the first connections between commutative algebra and statistics. The notion of a Markov basis is first introduced by Diaconis and Sturmfels (1998) for conditional testing problems on contingency tables by Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. In this method, we make use of a connected Markov chain over the given conditional sample space to estimate the P-values numerically for various conditional tests. A Markov basis plays an importance role in this arguments, because it guarantees the connectivity of the chain, which is needed for unbiasedness of the estimate, for arbitrary conditional sample space. As another important point, a Markov basis is characterized as generators of the well-specified toric ideals of polynomial rings. This connection between commutative algebra and statistics is the main result of Diaconis and Sturmfels (1998). After this first paper, a Markov basis is studied intensively by many researchers both in commutative algebra and statistics, which yields an attractive field called computational algebraic statistics. In this paper, we give a review of the Markov chain Monte Carlo methods for contingency tables and Markov bases, with some fundamental examples. We also give some computational examples by algebraic software Macaulay2 and statistical software R. Readers can also find theoretical details of the problems considered in this paper and various results on the structure and examples of Markov bases in Aoki, Hara and Takemura (2012).
We review a finite-sampling exponential bound due to Serfling and discuss related exponential bounds for the hypergeometric distribution. We then discuss how such bounds motivate some new results for two-sample empirical processes. Our development co
We present an introduction to the theory of algebraic geometry codes. Starting from evaluation codes and codes from order and weight functions, special attention is given to one-point codes and, in particular, to the family of Castle codes.
In 1975 John Tukey proposed a multivariate median which is the deepest point in a given data cloud in R^d. Later, in measuring the depth of an arbitrary point z with respect to the data, David Donoho and Miriam Gasko considered hyperplanes through z
The project of Greenlees et al. on understanding rational G-spectra in terms of algebraic categories has had many successes, classifying rational G-spectra for finite groups, SO(2), O(2), SO(3), free and cofree G-spectra as well as rational toral G-s
In the statistical inference for long range dependent time series the shape of the limit distribution typically depends on unknown parameters. Therefore, we propose to use subsampling. We show the validity of subsampling for general statistics and lo