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We discuss old and new results on the mathematical justification of Boltzmanns equation. The classical result along these lines is a theorem which was proven by Lanford in the 1970s. This paper is naturally divided into three parts. I. Classical. We give new proofs of both the uniform bounds required for Lanfords theorem, as well as the related bounds due to Illner & Pulvirenti for a perturbation of vacuum. The proofs use a duality argument and differential inequalities, instead of a fixed point iteration. II. Strong chaos. We introduce a new notion of propagation of chaos. Our notion of chaos provides for uniform error estimates on a very precise set of points; this set is closely related to the notion of strong (one-sided) chaos and the emergence of irreversibility. III. Supplemental. We announce and provide a proof (in Appendix A) of propagation of partial factorization at some phase-points where complete factorization is impossible.
This paper provides the first rigorous derivation of a binary-ternary Boltzmann equation describing the kinetic properties of a dense hard-spheres gas, where particles undergo either binary or ternary instantaneous interactions, while preserving mome
The inconsistency between the time-reversible Liouville equation and time-irreversible Boltzmann equation has been pointed out long ago by Loschmidt. To avoid Loschmidts objection, here we propose a new dynamical system to model the motion of atoms o
We consider a gas of $N$ identical hard spheres in the whole space, and we enforce the Boltzmann-Grad scaling. We may suppose that the particles are essentially independent of each other at some initial time; even so, correlations will be created by
We review a virial-type estimate which bounds the strength of interaction for a gas of $N$ hard spheres (billiard balls) dispersing into Euclidean space $mathbb{R}^d$. This type of estimate has been known for decades in the context of (semi-)dispersi
We consider the motion of a finite though large number $N$ of hard spheres in the whole space $mathbb{R}^n$. Particles move freely until they experience elastic collisions. We use our recent theory of Compensated Integrability in order to estimate ho