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Modern saturation-based Automated Theorem Provers typically implement the superposition calculus for reasoning about first-order logic with or without equality. Practical implementations of this calculus use a variety of literal selections and term orderings to tame the growth of the search space and help steer proof search. This paper introduces the notion of lookahead selection that estimates (looks ahead) the effect on the search space of selecting a literal. There is also a case made for the use of incomplete selection functions that attempt to restrict the search space instead of satisfying some completeness criteria. Experimental evaluation in the Vampire theorem prover shows that both lookahead selection and incomplete selection significantly contribute to solving hard problems unsolvable by other methods.
Which Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) generates the most plausible images? has been a frequently asked question among researchers. To address this problem, we first propose an emph{incomplete} U-statistics estimate of maximum mean discrepancy
Optimal biomarker combinations for treatment-selection can be derived by minimizing total burden to the population caused by the targeted disease and its treatment. However, when multiple biomarkers are present, including all in the model can be expe
Citizens assemblies need to represent subpopulations according to their proportions in the general population. These large committees are often constructed in an online fashion by contacting people, asking for the demographic features of the voluntee
The unit selection problem aims to identify a set of individuals who are most likely to exhibit a desired mode of behavior, for example, selecting individuals who would respond one way if encouraged and a different way if not encouraged. Using a comb
t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) is one of the most widely used dimensionality reduction methods for data visualization, but it has a perplexity hyperparameter that requires manual selection. In practice, proper tuning of t-SNE per