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Knowledge gained through X-ray crystallography fostered structural determination of materials and greatly facilitated the development of modern science and technology in the past century. Atomic details of sample structures is achievable by X-ray crystallography, however, it is only applied to crystalline structures. Imaging techniques based on X-ray coherent diffraction or zone plates are capable of resolving the internal structure of non-crystalline materials at nanoscales, but it is still a challenge to achieve atomic resolution. Here we demonstrate a novel lensless Fourier-transform ghost imaging method with pseudo-thermal hard X-rays by measuring the second-order intensity correlation function of the light. We show that high resolution Fourier-transform diffraction pattern of a complex amplitude sample can be achieved at Fresnel region and the amplitude and phase distributions of a sample in spatial domain can be retrieved successfully. The method of lensless X-ray Fourier-transform ghost imaging extends X-ray crystallography to non-crystalline samples, and its spatial resolution is limited only by the wavelength of the X-ray, thus atomic resolution should be routinely obtainable. Since highly coherent X-ray source is not required, comparing to conventional X-ray coherent diffraction imaging, the method can be implemented with laboratory X-ray sources, and it also provides a potential solution for lensless diffraction imaging with fermions, such as neutron and electron where the intensive coherent source usually is not available.
For conventional imaging, shaking of the imaging system or the target leads to the degradation of imaging resolution. In this work, the influence of the targets shaking to fourier-transform ghost diffraction (FGD) is investigated. The analytical resu
Established x-ray diffraction methods allow for high-resolution structure determination of crystals, crystallized protein structures or even single molecules. While these techniques rely on coherent scattering, incoherent processes like Compton scatt
Fourier analysis of ghost imaging (FAGI) is proposed in this paper to analyze the properties of ghost imaging with thermal light sources. This new theory is compatible with the general correlation theory of intensity fluctuation and could explain som
Recently, ghost imaging has been attracting attentions because its mechanism would lead to many applications inaccessible to conventional imaging methods. However, it is challenging for high contrast and high resolution imaging, due to its low signal
We present a lensless, Fourier-transform ghost imaging scheme by exploring the fourth-order correlation function of spatially incoherent thermal neutron waves. This technique is established on the Fermi-Dirac statistics and the anti-bunching effect o