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We present a novel spectroscopic method for probing the insitu~density of quantum gases. We exploit the density-dependent energy shift of highly excited {Rydberg} states, which is of the order $10$MHz,/,1E14,cm$^{text{-3}}$ for rubidium~for triplet s-wave scattering. The energy shift combined with a density gradient can be used to localize Rydberg atoms in density shells with a spatial resolution less than optical wavelengths, as demonstrated by scanning the excitation laser spatially across the density distribution. We use this Rydberg spectroscopy to measure the mean density addressed by the Rydberg excitation lasers, and to monitor the phase transition from a thermal gas to a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC).
We analyze the oscillations of Rydberg atoms in the framework of quantum field theory and we reveal non-trivial vacuum energy which has the equation of state of the dark matter. This energy is similar to that expected for mixed neutrinos and affects
Alkaline-earth-like~(AEL) atoms with two valence electrons and a nonzero nuclear spin can be excited to Rydberg state for quantum computing. Typical AEL ground states possess no hyperfine splitting, but unfortunately a GHz-scale splitting seems neces
A microscopic understanding of molecules is essential for many fields of natural sciences but their tiny size hinders direct optical access to their constituents. Rydberg macrodimers - bound states of two highly-excited Rydberg atoms - feature bond l
Within a dense environment ($rho approx 10^{14},$atoms/cm$^3$) at ultracold temperatures ($T < 1,mu{}text{K}$), a single atom excited to a Rydberg state acts as a reaction center for surrounding neutral atoms. At these temperatures almost all neutral
Finite-range interacting spin models are the simplest models to study the effect of beyond nearest-neighbour interactions and access new effects caused by the range of the interactions. Recent experiments have reached the regime of dominant interacti