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Representation of dielectric properties by impedance spectroscopy (IS) is analyzed carefully in this paper. It is found that IS is not a good tool to describe a uniform system because a pseudo relaxation peaks exists at low frequency limit corresponding to direct current (DC) conductivity and two relaxation peaks appears simultaneously corresponding to one relaxation process for a high loss system with tand>1. However it is very convenient to describe a multiple phase system with IS. When dielectric properties are shown by Cole-Cole equation, only one Cole-Cole arc appears for one phase in IS, therefore it is very easy to distinguish different phases from each other. Especially, since pseudo relaxation exists at low frequency limit for each phase, the location of a certain relaxation process can be deduced by IS without any uncertainty. Furthermore, when dielectric properties are shown with specific impedance spectroscopy (ISI), the information of microstructure can be obtained conveniently. Based on the theoretical results above, dielectric properties of CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) ceramics with giant dielectric constant (GDC) are investigated. Microstructure of CCTO is obtained by dielectric spectrometer and the origin of GDC is found to come from pseudo relaxation of grain.
Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), an experimental technique based on the photoelectric effect, is arguably the most powerful method for probing the electronic structure of solids. The past decade has witnessed notable progress in ARP
Multiferroic bismuth ferrite Bi_2Fe_4O_9 (BFO) ceramic was synthesized by conventional solid state reaction route. X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement show formation of single phase ceramic with orthorhombic crystal structure (space group Pbam)
Magneto-impedance (MI) effects have been observed for amorphous Fe73.5Nb3Cu1Si13.5B9 ribbon which has been excited by an a.c. magnetic field parallel to the length of the ribbon. Maximum relative change in MI as large as -99% was observed which has n
Dielectric response and conduction mechanism were investigated for a multiferroic BiFe$_{0.95}$Mn$_{0.05}$O$_3$ epitaxial thin film. A contribution from a thermally activated interface (0.37 eV) and the bulk of the film on the dielectric response wer
We present a general method to unfold energy bands of supercell calculations to primitive Brillouin zone using group theoretical techniques, where an isomorphic factor group is introduced to connect the primitive translation group with the supercell