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The detection of extremely massive clusters at $z>1$ such as SPT-CL J0546-5345, SPT-CL J2106-5844, and XMMU J2235.3-2557 has been considered by some authors as a challenge to the standard LCDM$;$cosmology. In fact,assuming Gaussian initial conditions, the theoretical expectation of detecting such objects is as low as $leq 1%$. In this textit{Letter} we discuss the probability of the existence of such objects in the light of the Vector Dark Energy (VDE) paradigm, showing by means of a series of $N$-body simulations that chances of detection are substantially enhanced in this non-standard framework.
We investigate cosmology of massive electrodynamics and explore the possibility whether massive photon could provide an explanation of the dark energy. The action is given by the scalar-vector-tensor theory of gravity which is obtained by non-minimal
The gravitational-wave event GW170817, together with the electromagnetic counterpart, shows that the speed of tensor perturbations $c_T$ on the cosmological background is very close to that of light $c$ for the redshift $z<0.009$. In generalized Proc
We propose to use alternative cosmic tracers to measure the dark energy equation of state and the matter content of the Universe [w(z) & Omega_m]. Our proposed method consists of two components: (a) tracing the Hubble relation using HII-like starburs
We study the stellar, Brightest Cluster Galaxy (BCG) and intracluster medium (ICM) masses of 14 South Pole Telescope (SPT) selected galaxy clusters with median redshift $z=0.9$ and median mass $M_{500}=6times10^{14}M_{odot}$. We estimate stellar mass