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Gravitational N-body simulations, that is numerical solutions of the equations of motions for N particles interacting gravitationally, are widely used tools in astrophysics, with applications from few body or solar system like systems all the way up to galactic and cosmological scales. In this article we present a summary review of the field highlighting the main methods for N-body simulations and the astrophysical context in which they are usually applied.
Gravitational softening length is one of the key parameters to properly set up a cosmological $N$-body simulation. In this paper, we perform a large suit of high-resolution $N$-body simulations to revise the optimal softening scheme proposed by Power
Commercial graphics processors (GPUs) have high compute capacity at very low cost, which makes them attractive for general purpose scientific computing. In this paper we show how graphics processors can be used for N-body simulations to obtain improv
In the next decade, cosmological surveys will have the statistical power to detect the absolute neutrino mass scale. N-body simulations of large-scale structure formation play a central role in interpreting data from such surveys. Yet these simulatio
The aim of this paper is to clarify the notion and cause of overmerging in N-body simulations, and to present analytical estimates for its timescale. Overmerging is the disruption of subhaloes within embedding haloes due to {it numerical} problems co
It is shown that the historical summary of the growth in size of N-body simulations as measured by particle number in this review is missing some key milestones. Size matters, because particle number with appropriate force smoothing is a key method t